According to Amritha Shenoy, the Purananuru poems eulogize war and describe "loyalty, courage, honor" as the virtues of warriors. The anthology is almost entirely a secular treatise on the ancient Tamil thought on kingship, the constant state of wars within old Tamil speaking regions, the bravery of heroes and the ferocious nature of this violence. Further, the compilation suggests that the ancient Tamils had a caste system called kuti that was "not borrowed from the Aryans", state Hart and Heifetz. The life of the Tamils of this era revolved around the king, emphasized the purity of women and placed limitations of the rights of widows.
According to Hart and Heifetz, the Purananuru provides a view of the Tamil society before large scale Indo-Aryan influences affected it.
The poetry largely focuses on war, means of war such as horses, heroic deeds, widowhood, hardships, impermanence, and other effects of wars between kingdoms based along the rivers Kaveri, Periyar and Vaigai.The Purananuru is the most important Tamil corpus of Sangam era courtly poems, and it has been a source of information on the political and social history of ancient Tamil Nadu. Some poems are gnomic in nature, which have attracted unrealistic attempts to read an ethical message, states Zvelebil. These panegyric poems recite their heroic deeds, as well as another 109 poems that recite deeds of anonymous heroes likely of older Tamil oral tradition.
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Of its 400 poems, 138 praise 43 kings – 18 from the Chera dynasty (present day Kerala), 13 Chola dynasty kings, and 12 Early Pandyan dynasty kings. This anthology has been variously dated between 1st-century BCE and 5th-century CE, with Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature scholar, dating predominantly all of the poems of Purananuru sometime between 2nd- and 5th-century CE.The Purananuru anthology is diverse.
The collected poems were composed by 157 poets, of which 14 are anonymous and at least 10 were poetess. It is a collection of 400 heroic poems about kings, wars and public life, of which two are lost and a few have survived into the modern age in fragments. The Purananuru (Tamil: புறநானூறு, Puṟanāṉūṟu ?, literally "four hundred in the genre puram"), sometimes called Puram or Purappattu, is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the last of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature. Wikipedia (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition:
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